Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bahasa Inggris

 

Yah, kemarin kita sudah membahas tentang apa itu passive voice dan active voice, mulai dari arti, fungsi hingga contohnya. Sekarang, kita akan bahas lebih mendalam tentang contoh-contoh kalimat active dan passive.

Ets, apa kamu sudah tau mengubah kalimat dan membentuk kalimat active atau passive voice? Jika belum mari kita ulas lebih mendalam.

Kalau pakai bahasa indonesia, pasti gampang kan. Yah, karena itu bahasa kita dan siapa saja bisa mengubahnya. Terus bagaimana jika kalimat aktif dan pasif dalam Bahasa inggris?
Nah, kalimat aktif dalam bahasa inggris juga disebut dengan active voice. Kalau kalimat pasif itu passive voice. 

Subject (pelaku) dalam kalimat ini (aktive voice) merupakan orang yang melakukan aksi. Subjectnya biasa berada pada awal kalimat dan kebayakan menggunakan kalimat aktive.

Berbeda dengan kalimat passive yang menerima aksi dari suatu object yang menjadi pembuka kalimat. Dalam kalimat aktif voice akan selalu berubah ubah. Inilah salah satu cara kita untuk mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi passive voice.

Kenapa kita harus belajar passive voice? Karena, kalimat ini akan digunakan kalau kita menerima aksi agar menjadi lebih penting. Dalam hal ini object lebih utama (penting) dibandingkan subject.

Selengkapnya: Apa Itu Passive Voice dan Contohnya

Berikut faktor yang perlu kita perhatikan dalam mengubah kalimat pasif;

• Perhatikan rumus tenses dalam kalimat pasif.
• Mengubah Verb menjadi past participle.
• Kata "by" diikuti oleh subject dalam kalimat.
• Posisi object berubah menjadi subject kalimat.

Nah, faktor tersebut tentu akan lebih memudahkan kamu dalam mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif. Passive voice juga bisa menggunakan modal, karena modal itu tidak mempunyai perubahan seperti perubahan pada verb.

Contoh active voice dan passive voice

Agar lebih memahami materi kita pada kesempatan kali ini. Maka, berikut contoh kalimat dari kalimat aktif dan juga passive voice.

Note :
Khusus tenses Simple Present & Simple Past yang Verbal Active karena keduanya tidak memiliki Vaux dalam rumusnya, maka ketika dijadikan kalimat negatif , interrogatif atau negatif-interrogatif, harus memunculkan Vaux yang berupa Do / Does ( Simple Present ) ,
Did ( Simple Past ), kemudian Vordnya kembali ke bentuk Vbi.

Rumus Active Voice

Active Voice: 16 Rumus
Passive Voice: 10 Rumus
Nominal:   8 Rumus
Jumlah total: 34 Rumus

Active Voice

Subjectnya melakukan pekerjaan.
Bermakna : me .... / ber ...
Tenses : 16 rumus

1. Simple Present / s. pr
Rumusnya: S + V1 s/es 

2. Present Continuous/ pr.c
Rumusnya: S + Is/Am/Are + Ving

3. Present Perfect / pr.pf
Rumusnya: S + Have/Has + V3

4. Present Perfect Cont / pr.pf.c
Rumusnya: S + Have/Has + Been + Ving

5. Simple Past / s.ps
Rumusnya: S + V2

6. Past Continuous / ps.c
Rumusnya: S + Was/Were + Ving

7. Past Perfect / ps. pf
Rumusnya: S + Had + V3

8. Past Perfect Continuous / ps.pf.c
Rumusnya: S + Had + Been + Ving

9. Simple Future / s.f
Rumusnya: S + Will + Vbi

10. Future Continuous / s.f
Rumusnya: S + Will + Be + Ving

11. Future Perfect / f.pf
Rumusnya: S + Will + Have + V3

12. Future Perfect Continuous / f. pf.c

Rumusnya: S + Will + Have + Been + Ving

13. Simple Past Future / s.ps.f

Rumusnya: S + Would + Vbi

14. Past Future Cont / ps.f.c
Rumusnya: S + Would + Be + Ving

15. Past Future Perfect / ps.f.pf
Rumusnya: S + Would + Have + V3

16. Past Future Perfect Cont / ps.f.pf.c
Rumusnya: S + Would + Have + Been + Ving

Note !
Aturan penambahan s/es dalam Verb :
1. Verb yang diakhiri " s,sh,ch,x,o,z " maka + es.
Contoh: Kiss > Kisses , Wash > Washes , Watch > Watches, Fix > Fixes... etc

2. Verb yang diakhiri "y" yang sebelumnya berupa huruf consonant maka "y" diganti "i" kemudian + es.
Contoh : Study > Studies , Cry > Cries , Fly > Flies, etc.

3. Verb yang tidak masuk aturan "1 & 2 " maka + s.
Contoh: Make > Makes , Play > Plays , Drive > Drives, etc... 

Rumus Passive Voice

Defenisi: Subjectnya dikenai pekerjaan.
Makna : di ..../ ter .....
Pola dasar : be + v3 + ( by agent )
Contoh:

 Ibuku menyiram bunga-bunga itu. (aktif)
My mother watered those flowers. (active)
Bunga-bunga itu disiram oleh ibuku. (pasif)
Those flowers were watered by my mother. (passive)

1. Simple Present
Rumusnya: S + is/am/are + V3.

2. Present Cont
Rumusnya: S + Is/Am/Are + Being + V3

3. Present Perfect
Rumusnya: S + Have/Has + Been + V3

4. Simple Past
Rumusnya: S + was/were + V3

5. Past Cont
Rumusnya: S + Was/Were + Being + V3

6. Past Perfect
Rumusnya: S + Had + Been + V3

7. Simple Future
Rumusnya: S + Will + Be + V3

8. Future Perfect
Rumusnya: S + Will + Have + Been + V3

9. Simple Past Future
Rumusnya: S + Would + Be + V3

10. Past Future Perfect
Rumuanya: S + Would + Have + Been + V3

Contoh Kalimat Active (Kalimat Aktif)

1. Elsa pergi ke makassar. ( s.ps )
(+) Elsa went to Makassar
(-) Elsa did not go to Makassar
(?) Did Elsa go to Makassar
(-?) Did Elsa not go to Makassar.

2. Andi telah mengetahuinya. ( pr.pf )
(+) Aksa has known it.
(-) Aksa has not kmown it.
(?) Has Aksa Known It?
(-?) Has Aksa not known it?

3. Ayahnya ( lk ) memancing di sungai. ( f. Cont )
(+) His Father will be fishing in the river.
(-) His Father will not be fishing in the river.
(?) Will his father be fishing in the river?
(-?) Will his father not be fishing in the river?

4. Aku datang terlambat di acara itu (Simple present).
(+) I come late to the event.
(-) I do not come late to the event.
(?) Do i come late to the event?
(-?) Do i not come late to the event?

5. Baju mereka di cuci oleh Elsa. ( s.ps)
(+) Their clothes were washed by Elsa.
(-) Their clothes were not washed by Elsa.
(?) Were their clothes washed by Elsa.
(-?) Were their clothes not washed by Elsa.

Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)

1. Makanan yang basi dibuang oleh pembantuku. ( pr. Perfect )
( + ) Stale food has been banished by my housemaid.
( - ) Stale food has not been banished by my housemaid.
( ? ) Has stale food been banished by my housemaid?
(-?) Has stale food not been banished by my housemaid?

2. Ruangan itu dibersikan oleh dia (lk) (S. Present )
( + ) The room is cleaned by him.
( - ) The room is not cleaned by him.
( ? ) Is the room cleaned by him ?
(-? ) Is the room not cleaned by him ?

3. Kueku dimakan oleh pamanku. ( s. Ps. Future )
( + ) My cake would be eaten by my uncle.
( - ) My cake would not be eaten by my uncle.
( ? ) Would my cake be eaten by my uncle?
(-? ) Would my cake not be eaten by my uncle?

4. Rumah rumah itu dibangun pada tahun 1998 ( s. Past )
(+) Those houses were built in 1998.
(- ) Those houses were not built 1998.
(?) Were those houses built in 1998?
(-?) Were those houses not built in 1998?

5. Aku akan dikunjungi ibuku nanti malam. ( s. Future )
(+) I will be visited by my mom tonight.
(-) I will not be visited by my mom tonight.
(?) Will I be visited by my mom tonight?
(-?) Will i not be visited by my mom tonight?

6. Kucing kucing itu diselamatkan oleh polisi ( ps. Pf. )
(+) The cats had been rescued by the police.
(-) The cats had not been rescued by the police.
(?) Had the cats been rescued by the police?
(-?)Had the cats not been rescued by the police?

Baca juga: Pembentukan Kalimat Positive, Negative dan Introgative dan contohnya.

Nah, itulah pembahasan tentang active voice dan passive voice. Kita sudah belajar tentang pengertiam, rumus, hingga contohnya yang menggunakan tenses. Semoga pembelajaran kita kali ini dapat bermanfaat kepada sesama. By dan selamat belajar!